Canadian Journal of History articles from April 1993

Canadian Journal of History archives from April 1993

Symbol of paradox: the Casablanca Conference, 1943.
April 1, 1993... The tide of the Second World War visibly turned, in the eyes of those who fought it, in 1943. The Allies were at last able to apply military power on a scale large enough to carry the war to the enemy. Yet that enemy remained formidable....

Les journees populaires et la violence collective dans le Vaucluse rural apres Thermidor.
April 1, 1993... Quand les historiens ont commence a etudier serieusement la violence populaire dans la Revolution francaise au cours des annees 1950, la periode apres thermidor a ete negligee. Certes, il y avait eu des etudes locales, comme celles de Paul...

The promotion of the visual arts in Britain, 1835-1860. (winning entry in the 1992 Canadian Journal of History graduate essay competition)
April 1, 1993... THE PROMOTION OF THE VISUAL ARTS IN BRITAIN, 1835-1860(1) In his response to the government vote of 1832 to allocate funds for the erection of a new National Gallery, Robert Peel voiced the political anxieties which fuelled an...

A History of Women in the West, vol. 1, From Ancient Goddesses to Christian Saints.
April 1, 1993... In the final chapter, "Women and Ancient History Today," editor Pauline Schmitt Pantel affirms that no longer can ancient history be written without taking account of women, or moreover, without some contribution from the feminist perspective....

Magna Carta.
April 1, 1993... In June 1991 avid viewers mere treated to a one-hour television promotion of the latest Robin Hood movie. An early segment of that commercial showed a black-gowned academic passing slowly in front of ivy-covered walls while he explained the...

Religious Belief and Ecclesiastical Careers in Late Medieval England: Proceedings of the Conference Held at Strawberry Hill, Easter 1989.
April 1, 1993... The spate of conferences on specific themes has elicited a proliferation of material devoted to the later Middle Ages. The book under review comprises eight studies, three of them concerned with the south-west of England. The title provides...

Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588-1603.
April 1, 1993... Elizabeth I, War and Politics, 1588-1603 is the last volume of Wallace MacCaffrey's trilogy on the age of Elizabeth. The first volume, The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime (1968), and the second, Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy,...

Fire from Heaven: Life in an English Town in the Seventeenth Century.
April 1, 1993... "This book," Professor Underdown states at the outset, "is about people who tried to build a better world." It is also, he need hardly have added, about the people who got in their way. Like the town it so brilliantly recreates, the book teems...

The University of Cambridge and the English Revolution: 1625-1699.
April 1, 1993... This solid survey draws upon a wide range of secondary studies, printed, and manuscript sources to represent the impact of seventeenth-century religious and political disputes upon the institutions, fellows and heads in the University of...

Secrets of the Kingdom: British Radicals from the Popish Plot to the Revolution of 1688-89.
April 1, 1993... Secrets of the Kingdom completes Professor Greaves's trilogy on British radicals from the restoration of the monarchy to the revolution. Radicals are taken to mean those who "endorsed active disobedience to laws they found offensive. This...

Gunpowder, Government and War in the Mid-Eighteenth Century.
April 1, 1993... The explosive mixture of saltpetre, charcoal, and sulphur was the real stuff of Britain's eighteenth century empire. India was the major supplier of saltpetre, and the slave and fur trades were, together with British mining and hunting, the...

Fashion's Favourite: The Cotton Trade and the Consumer in Britain, 1660-1800.
April 1, 1993... Undergraduate examinees used to be asked to evaluate the proposition that "cotton was the Industrial Revolution." They would have discussed prerequisites for take-off into the age of high mass consumption, leading sectors, forward and lateral...

Friends in Life and Death.
April 1, 1993... This long-awaited book from the E.S.R.C. Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structures is the seventeenth volume in the series Cambridge Studies in Population, Economy and Society in Past Time. The work has been a major...

William Cobbett and Rural Popular Culture.
April 1, 1993... Dr. Dyck's study of William Cobbett (1763-1835), one of the greatest English polemicists, is no ordinary or traditional biography. Dyck succeeds in explaining many components in Cobbett's remarkable career from countryside crow-scaring to...

The Victorian Post Office: The Growth of a Bureaucracy.
April 1, 1993... If asked what they know about the post office, most historians of Victorian England might mention Anthony Trollope and Sir Rowland Hill, telegraphs and telephones, saving banks and parcel post. They might remember that Trollope spent most of...

A Moralist in and out of Parliament: John Stuart Mill at Westminster, 1865-1868.
April 1, 1993... Among the eminent Victorians, J.S. Mill is at the same time one of the most and one of the least studied. For, while the bibliography on him as a philosopher, an economist or a political thinker is huge, Mill "the man" has been comparatively...

The Savage Within: The Social History of British Anthropology, 1885-1945.
April 1, 1993... Anthropologists presume that all cultures are suitable subjects of study, yet they have been much less successful in treating western as distinct from non-western cultures. Similarly, historians, especially in cultural and social history, have...

Simon: A Political Biography of Sir John Simon.
April 1, 1993... "Upon whatever topic the political historian of the years 1906 to 1945 firms his attention, the person of John Simon is likely to impinge.... " So writes David Dutton in the introduction to the first full-length study ever devoted to Simon's....

British Intelligence in the Second World War, vol. 4, Security and Counter-Intelligence.
April 1, 1993... With the completion of this series, a clear pattern has emerged in the official history of British intelligence during the Second World War. These volumes offer little new to specialists. They have not led the historiography. They have either...

Labour's War: The Labour Party During the Second World War.
April 1, 1993... Winston Churchill's wartime government was an odd political kettle of fish. It was much less a broad, national coalition of the three main British parties than a combination of Churchill and his cronies with the Labour Party. It began,...

The Attlee Years.
April 1, 1993... Historians have traditionally regarded Clement Attlee's Labour governments of 1945-51 as two of the most successful reforming administrations in modern British history, which translated their popular mandate for post-war "reconstruction" into...

Bonapartism and Revolutionary Tradition in France: The federes of 1815.
April 1, 1993... During the Hundred Days a national movement erupted in France which has come to be known as that of the federes. Reminiscent of, and inspired by, the republican movement to save the revolution in 1793, this movement signed up thousands who were...

Poor and Pregnant in Paris: Strategies for Survival in the Nineteenth Century.
April 1, 1993... Our understanding of the experience of working-class women has increased markedly since those ambitious but inconclusive debates of the 1970s which, from only a narrow research base, discussed whether wage work for women in the nineteenth...

The Role of Transportation in the Industrial Revolution: A Comparison of England and France.
April 1, 1993... This study has two purposes. The first, avomed in the opening pages, is to demonstrate that an improved system of transportation was necessary for the Industrial Revolution to occur in England and that the absence of an efficient network...

Rhineland Radicals: The Democratic Movement and the Revolution of 1848-1849.
April 1, 1993... In this superbly researched, very important book on the history of the 1848-49 revolutions in western Germany, Jonathan Sperber recalls how latter-day Jacobins sought to mobilize the masses in support of revolutionary change. Their efforts...

For King and Kaiser! The Making of the Prussian Army Officer, 1860-1914.
April 1, 1993... On the eve of World War I the Royal Prussian Army made up close to 80 per cent of Imperial Germany's ground forces and had a regular officer corps of approximately twenty-two thousand. How these officers (and their predecessors during the...

Fields of Knowledge: French Academic Culture in Comparative Perspective, 1890-1920.
April 1, 1993... Fields of Knowledge: French Academic Culture in Comparative Perspective, 1890-1920 is a wide-ranging discourse concerning the clientele and culture of secondary and higher education at the turn of the century in France and Germany. The focus is...

The Revolution of 1905: Authority Restored, vol. 2.
April 1, 1993... This is the second and concluding volume in Ascher's magisterial overview of the Russian revolution of 1905, a set of events which have long been scanted as the "dress rehearsal" for 1917. This cliche obscures the earlier revolution's...

Wilhelm Frick: Der Legalist des Unrechtsstaates: Eine politische Biographie.
April 1, 1993... Most of the major figures of the Third Reich have received satisfactory and even ample historiographical treatment during the past decades. It would be wrong to assert that Willhelm Frick, Hitler's long-time minister of the interior, is not...

Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg und seine Bruder.
April 1, 1993... No aspect, perhaps, of the history of the "Third Reich" remains more controversial than that of resistance by Germans to Nazi rule. Almost a half-century after its destruction, debate continues on what properly constituted "resistance" (in...

Wiedergutmachung: Westdeutschland und die Verfolgten des Nationalsozialismus, 1945-1964.
April 1, 1993... In German historiography, the period from 1933 to 1945 may be overresearched, but the history of postwar Germany and the Federal Republic is fast catching up. More than half of the articles in the prestigious Vierteljahrshefte Jwr...

Disfigured Images: The Historical Assault on Afro-American Women.
April 1, 1993... Disfigured Images is a damning indictment of one hundred years of scholarly writing on Afro-American women. It is an provocative and compelling book. In just over 150 pages, Patricia Morton surveys a vast body of historical and sociological...

The Battle for Homestead: 1880-1892, Politics, Culture, and Steel.
April 1, 1993... This year marks the centennial of the Homestead Lockout in Pennsylvania. A violent event which rocked the nation, Homestead affected the course of American labour history for the next forty years. In his thoroughly researched study, Paul Krause...

"The River Ran Red": Homestead 1892.
April 1, 1993... This year marks the centennial of the Homestead Lockout in Pennsylvania. A violent event which rocked the nation, Homestead affected the course of American labour history for the next forty years. In his thoroughly researched study, Paul Krause...

Driven Patriot: The Life and Times of James Forrestal.
April 1, 1993... James Forrestal lived the American dream as both triumph and tragedy. Born in 1892, a small-town Irish-Catholic boy eager for success, be made his way from Princeton eating clubs to Wall Street wealth and Manhattan glamour, and then in the...

A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration, and the Cold War.
April 1, 1993... It should now be clear as our century draws to a dose that world communism came nearer than anything else to expressing the revolutionary impulse for our era which the French Revolution expressed for the nineteenth century. It was its vision of...

The United States in Central America: 1860-1911, Episodes of Social Imperialism and Imperial Rivalry in the World System.
April 1, 1993... This is meant to be the first of four books in preparation on French, German and United States relations with Central America in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. If this book is any indication of what is to come, the three pending...

The "Nazi Menace" in Argentina: 1931-1947.
April 1, 1993... This is a path-breaking study and will prove vital reading for historians in many disciplines. In his remarkable integration of sources from a range of European, North American, and South American libraries and archives, Ronald Newton rivals...

White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History.
April 1, 1993... All but one of the essays in Catherine Hall's new book have been published elsewhere, most before 1987: the single exception proves to be much the most interesting portion of the book. This is "Feminism and Feminist History," the history of...

Evenement, identite et histoire.
April 1, 1993... Fruit d'un colloque tenu en 1990, ce livre, comme nous en avertit Claire Dolan, n'est pas a classer sous le titre Actes de colloque. Il est a la fois bien plus et bien moins. Bien plus parce que les participants du colloque y reconnaitront les...

Medicine and Charity Before the Welfare State.
April 1, 1993... Has the rise of the modern state destroyed, complemented, or perhaps enhanced the traditional role of charity in society? Do economic booms or periods of depression provide the best stimulus to charitable activity? What do the poor need most,...

The Problem of Freedom: Race, Labor, and Politics in Jamaica and Britain, 1832-1938.
April 1, 1993... Burning hay stacks in England and smouldering cane trash in Jamaica seem to have little in common beyond the smoke they produce. Yet both share something more tangible. The fires mere set by rebellious workers and slaves, responding to...

Hailey: A Study in British Imperialism, 1872-1969.
April 1, 1993... Lord Hailey was the last great symbolic figure in the history of the British Empire. For contemporaries and historians alike he became the embodiment of a thoroughgoing commitment to political reform and colonial development which took hold...

Peaceful Air Warfare: The United States, Britain, and the Politics of International Aviation.
April 1, 1993... It is surprising but still true to remark that the study of international air transport and civil aviation remains outside the mainstream of political historiography despite the revolutionary impact of global air communications in the twentieth...

William Pitt the younger: some unnoticed manuscripts.
April 1, 1993... In 1989, A.D. Harvey published William Pitt the Younger, 1759-1806, the initial volume in the Meckler's' series Bibliographies of British Statesmen, intended to be authoritative guides for graduate researchers, listing all available published,...