Paint & Coatings Industry articles from March 2003

Paint & Coatings Industry archives from March 2003

Sixth International Coatings for Plastics Symposium overview. (Guest Viewpoint).
March 1, 2003... The Sixth International Coatings for Plastics Symposium and Exhibition will be held June 9-11 at the Michigan State Management Education Center in Troy, MI. With over 20 technical presentations planned, the symposium will focus on leading-edge...

Paint-fee measure rolls to quick passage in California. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... SACRAMENTO, CA -- A bill that will give the California Air Resources Board (CARB) the authority to impose new fees on various consumer products and architectural paints roared to passage in the state legislature despite protests from industry...

Regional air districts in California move to enact paint VOC rules. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... SACRAMENTO, CA -- Sixteen regional air-quality management districts in California have adopted rules or revised their existing regulations setting VOC limits for architectural and industrial maintenance (AIM) coatings, the California Air...

EU proposal targets major cuts in VOCs in architectural coatings. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... BRUSSELS -- A recently issued European Union proposal for limits on VOCs in coatings in Europe closely mirrors recommendations made by CEPE, the European Council of the Paint, Printing Inks and Artists' Colours Industry, industry sources said....

Benjamin Moore & Co. names Abrams president. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... MONTVALE, NJ -- Benjamin Moore & Co. announced that Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Denis Abrams has been named president, effective March 1. Abrams will remain chief operating officer, the company said. Abrams succeeds...

CEO Sullivan: RPM will deal effectively with asbestos issue. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... MEDINA, OH -- RPM International Inc. CEO Frank Sullivan expressed confidence that the company will deal effectively with asbestos-related litigation following a decline in the company's stock price attributed to Sullivan's previous comments...

UCB completes Solutia Resins acquisition. (Mergers and Acquisitions.).
March 1, 2003... ST. LOUIS -- Solutia Inc. has completed the sale of its Resins, Additives and Adhesives business to UCB S.A. for $500 million in cash. The acquisition includes Solutia's liquid and powder-coatings resins, technical resins, additives and...

UCB acquires Air Products graphic-arts business. (Mergers and Acquisitions.).
March 1, 2003... BRUSSELS -- UCB S.A. announced the acquisition of Air Products and Chemicals Inc.'s graphic-arts business for $14 million in cash. The business, a maker of ingredients used in ink for labels, had sales of $17 million in 2002, UCB said. UCB...

Bayer sells organic-pigment unit to Sun Chemical. (Mergers and Acquisitions.).
March 1, 2003... FORT LEE, NJ -- Sun Chemical Corp. completed the acquisition of Bayer Polymers L.L.C.'s high-performance organic pigment business. The acquisition includes the high-performance organic pigment manufacturing facilities at Bayer's Bushy Park, SC,...

PPG reports developments in clearcoat technologies. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... PITTSBURGH -- PPG Industries Inc. announced the introduction of the "Optech" clearcoat, a one-component automotive clearcoat designed to offer enhanced mar and environmental etch resistance in automotive OEM applications. The coating also can...

ICI paints announces supply agreement with `Habitat' group. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... CLEVELAND -- ICI Paints announced a five-year agreement with Habitat for Humanity International to become the "national preferred provider', of paint to the organization, which builds homes for low-income people. Under the agreement, ICI...

Kerr-McGee says upgrades will boost Ti[O.sub.2] capacity. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... OKLAHOMA CITY -- Kerr-McGee Chemical L.L.C. said process modifications in the company's titanium dioxide (Ti[O.sub.2]) operations will boost production capacity at two U.S. chloride-process Ti[O.sub.2] manufacturing plants. The company, in...

Akzo Nobel takes steps to enhance market profile of wood-care products. (Industry News).
March 1, 2003... TROY, MI -- Akzo Nobel's Decorative Coatings North America business unit has assumed direct responsibility for North American marketing and manufacturing of the company's Synteko brand of premium wood-floor coatings, and has established...

Robert A. Brod, 63; was retired president of Brod-Dugan Co. (Obituary).
March 1, 2003... ST. LOUIS -- Robert Allen "Bob" Brod, retired president of the former paint and coatings manufacturer and retailer Brod-Dugan Co., died Jan. 28 of cancer at his home in suburban St. Louis. He was 63. Mr. Brod started working as a youth at...

Engelhard Corp. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... Engelhard Corp., Iselin, NJ, announced the launch of an alliance with Nippon Sheet Glass, Osaka, Japan, to develop and market new special-effect pigments for the coatings, ink, plastics and other industrial markets. Engelhard said the two...

MD-Both Industries. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... MD-Both Industries, Ashland, MA, and Wolstenholme international Inc. have appointed Tartan Color & Chemical, Mississauga, Ontario, sales representative for water-based carbon-black dispersion products in Canada. Tartan Color & Chemical also is...

Moly-White Pigments Group. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... Moly-White Pigments Group, Cleveland, has appointed The Cary Co., Addison, IL, exclusive distributor of Moly-White corrosion inhibitors in northern Illinois, northern Indiana, Iowa, western Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin.

The Morehouse-Cowles division of MFIC Corp. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... The Morehouse-Cowles division of MFIC Corp., Newton, MA, has appointed Process Innovations sales representative for Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Vermont, parts of Connecticut, and eastern New York.

Neville Chemical Co. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... Neville Chemical Co., Pittsburgh, announced a name change of its Nevcin Polymers B.V. European subsidiary to Neville Chemical Europe B.V.

Peninsula Polymers Inc., Overland Park, KS, and Cook Composites and Polymers (CCP), Kansas City, MO, announced the launch of a North America distribution joint venture in a move the companies said will strengthen an existing distribution arrangement. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... Peninsula Polymers Inc., Overland Park, KS, and Cook Composites and Polymers (CCP), Kansas City, MO, announced the launch of a North America distribution joint venture in a move the companies said will strengthen an existing distribution...

The Solvay Group. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... The Solvay Group, Brussels, announced the launch of a new company as a result of the integration of its fluoropolymers activities with those of Ausimont, which was acquired by Solvay in May 2002. The new company, named Solvay Solexis, Bollate,...

Swada Colours. (Company News).
March 1, 2003... Swada Colours, London, announced the opening of a new warehouse and customer-service location in South Bend, IN. The company's U.S. offices are located in Chagrin Falls, OH.

2003 calendar. (Meetings and Shows).
March 1, 2003... March 17-19 Annual Mooting Southern Sooioty for Coatings Technology Biloxi, MS Laura Fosselman, 601/310.7687 April 8-10 European Coatings Show Vincantz Verlag Nuremberg, Germany Fax +49(511)9910-279...

European Coatings Show and congress preview.
March 1, 2003... The European Coatings Show and accompanying Congress have become one of the industry's most prestigious events. The show, to take place April 8-10, will feature over 600 exhibitors presenting raw materials, intermediate and finished products,...

Exploring Nurnberg.
March 1, 2003... Nurnberg is one of the safest German cities, and is rated the city with the best-preserved medieval townscape. It still reflects middle-class living and working to an impressive extent, and fascinates visitors with almost a thousand years of...

Ask the expert.
March 1, 2003... Willy Raymond Senior Principal Research Chemist Q Is there a primer/sealer system now available that provides good adhesion to freshly poured concrete? A Conventional 100% solids or high solids epoxy primer/ sealers have shown poor...

ECS exhibitor list.
March 1, 2003... Amberger Kaolinwerke 20 Microns Ltd. AB Chimica S.R.L. ABB Cellier Acima Adeka Palmarole SAS Air Products and Chemicals Inc. Akzo Nobel Resins bv Alberdingk Boley GmbH Alfred Rickert Allgaier Werke GmbH Alpha Calcit...

Shaping the future. (international).
March 1, 2003... Editor's Note: This article originally appeared in European Coatings Journal, issue 1-2/2003. The global coatings industry faces enormous challenges: margins are being eroded and markets are shrinking. What strategies are available for...

Ensuring successful adhesion of UV-curable coatings to plastic substrates.
March 1, 2003... Adhesion is a major topic of interest among today's formulators, as it is the most vital property of a coating. Without proper adhesion, other physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation, flexibility, clarity and impact resistance...

Designs of the times or, is Latin a dead language?
March 1, 2003... Editor's Note: This article is Part 8 in a series. See PCI October 2002 for the previous installment. The previous article initiated a discussion on factorial experiments. The article concentrated on full factorial experiments where all...

Particle size analysis system.
March 1, 2003... For many years, the standard for measuring particle size in the paint industry has been the Hegman gage or similar instruments. The problem with these instruments is that they are subjective, and readings from one person to the next can vary...

Overcoming substrate wetting problems: this research study discusses a variety of substrate-wetting additives for waterborne coatings and inks, giving special attention to a new class of silicone-free surfactants that combine dynamic wetting properties with foam inhibition.
March 1, 2003... This article covers different areas of application and the suitability of the different wetting agents in those areas. In addition, we consider the influence of the wetting additives' chemical composition on their performance in final...

Have tank, will travel: `Microblend' system moves mixing, packaging of paint to the retail store.
March 1, 2003... MicroBlend Technologies Inc., a company based in Alhambra, CA, has teamed up with Smiland Paint Co. of Los Angeles to kick the can out of the paint-manufacturing plant. Well, not quite. The can--or for that matter the 5-gal pail--is by no...

New optically active coating system: revolutionizes quality control and structural inspection: new optically active coating system allows thorough, timesaving, in-process applications and inspections of coatings, substrate coverage, and structural analysis on metal and non-metal materials with visual documentation never before attainable with the human eye.
March 1, 2003... NCP Coatings Inc., innovators in commercial and industrial coating products since 1948, has introduced its new optically active coating system (OACS). The OACS system is designed for a variety of manufacturing and inspection applications,...

Recoating "The Egg".
March 1, 2003... Many factors can shorten the lifetime of a roof, including UV rays, freeze-thaw cycles, wind, rain, biological growth, chemical reactions with air pollutants, temperature changes and poor installation. Over the last few years, because the...

New generation kaolin-based pigment extenders: to optimize a paint formulation for the best cost-performance, the choice of the kaolin-based extender is crucial, and the choice is dependent on the type of coating to be produced. (international).
March 1, 2003... Paints with PVC>CPVC Paints with high pigment volume concentration (PVC) levels above CPVC are economical and usually have high opacity at low to very low Ti[O.sub.2] concentration. Opacity is a crucial property in high PVC paints and is...

Methylene chloride: myth, legend and facts.
March 1, 2003... Methylene chloride (or MEC, dichloromethane or methylene dichloride) is a powerful and versatile chlorinated solvent known for its high solvency. It has the lowest boiling point (103.5[degrees]F, 39.8[degrees]C), the lightest vapor density...

Growing diversity in the U.S. paint market: housing trends drive homebuilders and painting contractors to consider multiple solutions in architectural coatings.
March 1, 2003... A summer drive through rural America inevitably provides Rockwell-style images of local kids making a few extra dollars painting a neighbor's porch. A closer inspection, however, shows that the faces of American homes have changed considerably...

UV/EB curing guide. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Cognis This brochure highlights chemical descriptions, physical properties, product attributes and end-use applications for its full portfolio of PHOTOMER[R] monomers, oligomers, adhesion promoters & additives designed for every UV/EB...

Bone Black pigments. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Ebonex Corporation High quality Bone Black pigments manufactured in our Melvindale facility are the culmination of many years of development in production and processing. Our pigments have superior masstone and jetness and impart a matte...

Measure color measure quality. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... HunterLab The LabScan XE color measurement spectrophotometer is ideal for quality control and color formulation of paint. Its advanced optical design automatically includes the effects of gloss and texture so it "sees" color the way your...

Drum handling catalog. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Morse Manufacturing Co., Inc. New, full color drum handling catalog shows over 100 models! Extensive descriptions, specifications, new products, plus sources for more information, fast response and help. Over 100 products include Karriers,...

DREWPLUS[R] TS-4481. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Drew Industrial Division Ashland Specialty Chemical Company's Drew Industrial business announces the introduction of DREWPLUS[R] TS-4481 defoamer for water-based coatings. The product exhibits outstanding macro and micro foam control...

www.colorshift.com. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Flex Products Inc. Visit for product and technical information about ChromaFlair[R] light interference pigments--the ColorShift[TM] Effects Leader. ChromaFlair[R] pigments add new ColorShift[TM] dimensions to automotive and industrial...

Macekote[R] polyurethane dispersions. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Mace Company * Excellent resins for wood coatings * "Ready to use" compounded finishes * Acrylic blends and copolymers * Industrial finishes * Custom designed coatings * Mace Company is seeking West Coast distributors...

Rheospan[R] provides lift to the sag congrol market. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Nanocor Inc. Nanocor Inc. a wholly subsidiary of AMCOL International, located in Arlington Heights, IL introduces Rheospan[R] a new sag control additive to the UPE market. Based on patented nanotechnology Rheospan[R] provides improved...

Dispense system. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Novaflow Systems Inc. A dispense system from Novaflow delivers improved quality and lower costs, greater blending accuracy, faster mixing, reduced waste and improved inventory control. And what it can do for your bottom line in this...

Surface Tensiometers. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... SensaDyne Instrument Div. Solve coating formulation problems with SensaDyne Surface Tensiometers for laboratory and in-process applications. Formulators can improve transfer, spreading and adhesion of inks, coatings and other formulations...

Coatings adhesion tester. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... SEMicro Division M.E. Taylor Engineering, Inc. PATTI adhesion testers provide accurate quantitative measurement of the pull-off strength of your paint, adhesive, or coating. A patented, self-aligning system uses compressed gas to apply a...

Low-cost reflected color measurements. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Ocean Optics Inc. Ocean Optics offers low-cost spectrometers for measuring the color of solids and liquids, as well as LEDs and other lights. Our USB-compatible systems come with a variety of fiber optic probes to handle any kind of...

Self-cleaning liquid filters. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... VORTI-SIV The VORTI-SIV Division of MM Industries in Salem, Ohio U.S.A. highlights its VORTISIV[R]/ Airpel[R] range of self-cleaning inline filtration equipment. Shown is our Model 300LP-EX extra capacity filter unit. This all stainless...

CM-100 and CMA-150 laboratory and production high shear dispersers. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... D.H. Melton Co., Inc. Benchtop, or floor standing, variable speed dispersers provide high shear dispersion from 1/2 pint to 5 gallon production batches. Motor horsepowers available are 1, 1.5, and 2 HP, dispersion shaft speeds up to 16,000...

Literature promotes new technology products. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Troy Corp. Troy is pleased to introduce product literature for new technology preservatives and additives. The literature features information on the benefits of low VOC Troy technologies, including safe handling characteristics,...

UV MAP Plus[TM] and PowerMAP[R]. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... EIT Instrument Markets EIT's UV MAP Plus[TM] and PowerMAP[R] help develop, document, monitor and maintain UV curing processes. They measure UV irradiance, radiant energy density and temperature as a function of time. The information is...

Coating thickness gage for all metal substrates. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... DeFelsko Corporation The U.S. made PosiTector[R] 6000 series of gages by DeFelsko measure coating thickness on both ferrous and nonferrous metals, accurately and quickly. Simple, two-button operation and NO calibration required for most...

Elcometer Catalogue. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Elcometer Inc. Elcometer Inc. announces the arrival of the Elcometer Catalogue. This premier edition has been developed with careful attention to design and detail. Offering more than just a brief description, the Elcometer Catalogue...

Blending/dispersion blades. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Conn & Co. The Conn Blades[R] are the only blending/dispersion blades that provide true pumping action for complete material circulation. The ITT style is the most aggressive. The IT style provides the same superior pumping but is gentle...

Tote bin cover. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Hendee Enterprises, Inc. Are you experiencing high costs associated with cleaning the outside of your tote tanks? Hendee Enterprises' newest product is a polyethylene cover for the tote type tank. This cover is the result of a direct...

Color Guide for Industrial Applications. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Hoover Color Hoover's Color Guide for Industrial Applications groups colors into six groups, Comparative tables describe properties for each pigment. Pigments are displayed with color chips illustrating masstone color and a combination...

KW Can. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... KW Plastics Introducing the KW Can. The KW Can is a plastic metal/hybrid designed specifically to meet the demands of today's products. The KW Can resists dents, dings, rust and has the resistibility of traditional containers. The KW Can...

Pigging Systems. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... INLINE Services Inc. Inline Services now offers Hiltap hose less manifold systems that can be integrated with Inline's Process Pigging Systems. This design offers a safe, ergonomic approach to interconnect multiple piping networks....

Wax additives brochure. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Micro Powders Inc. This new expanded brochure details the company's complete range of specialty additives for use in paint, coatings and ink formulations. These technically advanced, micronized waxes, wax dispersions and emulsions include...

DYNAPOL[R]/VESTICOAT[R] UB. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Degussa Corporation Coatings & Colorants DYNAPOL polyester resins are mainly used for stoving enamels in combination with amino resins. Special properties, such as chemical resistance, weather resistance and elasticity, can be improved by...

Silquest[R] A-Link[TM] 35 and Silquest A-Link silane. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Crompton OSi Specialties Silquest[R] A-Link[TM] 35 and Silquest A-Link silane are unique isocyanatosilanes that give excellent wet adhesion to glass, metal, other inorganic substrates, and good adhesion to difficult substrates (nylon/other...

New line of high-speed dispersers. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Charles Ross & Son Co. A new line of high-speed dispersers is available in sizes from 1/2 hp to 200 hp, to handle batches as large as 2,000 gal. Built with wetted parts of type 304 stainless steel, the dispersers include air/oil hydraulic...

Zinger[R] horizontal media mill. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Morehouse-COWLES[TM] Documented lab and field performance tests report the Zinger[R] horizontal media mill, manufactured by Morehouse-COWLES[TM], a division of MFIC Corporation, can process up to twice the volume of larger capacity...

Flow & leveling surfactant. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Air Products Air Products' new EnviroGem[R] AE surfactants are readily biodegradable, low-foam wetting agents based on Gemini surfactant technology. These novel EnviroGem AE surfactants reduce orange peel and improve both gloss and flow...

Product services catalog. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... CHEMCENTRAL Corp. CHEMCENTRAL, the nation's largest independent chemical distributor, is a convenient, single-source supplier for a complete line of quality products and value-added services. Its Product and Services catalog features a...

Diaphragm pumps offer flow rates from 5 to 275 gpm. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Graco Inc. Graco Husky[TM] air-operated double diaphragm pumps feature 1/4, 3/8, 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1-1/2, 2 and 3-inch sizes with maximum flow rates from 5-275 gpm for transferring paint, industrial chemicals, ink, cleaners, adhesives,...

Micro milling beads. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Jyoti Ceramic Industries Pvt. Ltd., India Zirconox micro beads are sapphire hard, tough, glossy, satin-smooth, lowest in co-efficient of friction, highest in density, mill faster high viscous formulations such as auto and allied paints,...

Valves. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Precision IBC Precision Valve Products offers a wide selection of the finest quality stainless steel and brass ball valves available. Our "Valves Direct" program eliminates multiple levels of marketing and distribution costs. You will see...

Self cleaning filter. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Russell Finex The Russell Finex Eco Filters are engineered to the highest standards to provide effective processing of a wide variety of products including all types of paints, inks, resins, glues, liquid chocolate, emulsions, suspensions,...

Primer-sealer adheres to "green" concrete. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Air Products Concrete primers and sealers made with Air Products' new Anquamine[R] 287 waterborne epoxy curing agent can be applied just 24 hours after concrete has been poured with outstanding adhesion results. Drying quickly, they also...

New product for Low Gloss UV coatings. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Rahn USA Corp. Rahn USA announces the launch of a new UV curable oligomer that is intended for use in Low Gloss UV inks and coatings. In combination with suitable fillers and additives, gloss levels of 10% can be achieved in 100% solids...

Polymers. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Nacan Products Ltd. Let our team, work for you. At Nacan Products Ltd., we draw on our strong global resources, versatile emulsions and knowledgeable, experienced, technical service and sales staff to develop quality coatings with your...

VESTANAT. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Degussa Corporation Coatings & Colorants VESTANAT is Degussa's trade name for its range of aliphatic isocyanates. In combination with hydroxy functional polyols, these isocyanates are used as crosslinkers for light stable polyurethane...

Valved, Individual Filter Housings. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Filtration Systems Filtration Systems Valved, Individual Filter Housings allow liquid flow to be shut off at the unit, rather than at a distant source, saving time during media change-out. Two stainless steel ball valves, on the inlet and...

Winning solutions for the coatings industry. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Lyondell Chemical Our latest brochure features information about solvents, freeze-thaw stabilizers, functional monomers, polymers and resinous polyols available from Lyondell Chemical Company and Equistar Chemicals, LP. Featured products...

Pigment Yellow 97. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Dominion Colour DCC 7097 (Pigment Yellow 97) is a high performance Hansa Yellow developed for coatings applications. PY-97 exhibits very good solvent fastness, lightfastness and heat resistance. This is a higher performance pigment that...

Organosilicasol. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Nissan Chemical America Corporation Organosilicasol is colloidal silica dispersed in organic solvent. It improves the quality of plastics, films, paints and much more. Features: Excellent Stability, Binding, Dispersion, Wide Selection,...

Butrol 465M. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Buckman Laboratories Butrol 465M is a new anticorrosive pigment for coatings that require corrosion protection with the use of regulated heavy metals. Butrol 465M has a low refractive index and low usage levels. It provides excellent...

WACKER BS[R] coatings. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... WACKER SILICONES To help preserve and protect. The Easter Island Moais. U.S. Capital. The Kremlin. What do they have in common? They're all Protected with WACKER BS[R] coatings. WACKER BS[R] coatings help increase the life of your...

LA-930. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... Horiba Horiba introduces the LA-930 Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer, offering an extended range (0.02-2000 [micro] m) capability with superior automatic alignment, advanced sample dispersion systems and powerful, 21CFR...

Q400 & Q400EM Thermomechanical Analyzers. (Product And Literature Showcase).
March 1, 2003... TA Instruments, Inc. TA Instruments, Inc. introduces the TMA 0400 and Q400EM, two powerful and versatile analyzers, that provide mechanical property measurements on a broad variety of materials from -150 to 1,000[degrees]C. The Q400 is a...